Renewable energy such as wind and solar are seeing explosive growth around the world. A new report from the World Energy Council (WEC) says each has grown 23% and 50% respectively over the last years, but that brings integration challenges.
The report, Variable Renewables Integration in Electricity Systems 2016 - How to get it right, is published by the World Energy Council in partnership with CESI SpA and draws upon 32 country case studies, representing about 90% of installed wind and solar capacity worldwide. It was released on September 20.
Renewables, including hydro, now account for over 30% of the total global installed power generation capacity and 23% of total global electricity production. Despite the big growth over the past decade, renewable electricity supply is only about 4%. Even so, renewable energy is big business.
In 2015 a record US$286 billion was invested in 154GW of new renewables capacity (76% in wind and PV), by far overtaking the investment in conventional generation to which 97GW were added.
The report is launched as part of the build up to the 23rd World Energy Congress which will be held between 10 - 13 October in Istanbul. The topic of renewables in the global energy mix and how they will help accelerate the transition to a low carbon economy is one of the key issues on the first day of the Congress.
“The success of both the development of intermittent renewables and their efficient integration in electricity systems fundamentally depends on the right market design and regulatory framework and solid regional planning to avoid bottlenecks,” said Christoph Frei, secretary general of WEC.
“We are beyond the tipping point of grand energy transition. Implementing technically and economically sound, stable policies supported by clear carbon price signals will enable this transition and take us a step closer to meeting the climate aspirations agreed at COP21,” he added.
Improving technologies and cost reductions are driving down capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of variable renewables. Recent data available suggests the lowest auction value for wind is a tariff of US$28/MWh in Morocco and US$30/MWh for a solar PV 800 MW plant in Dubai. These exceptionally low values cannot generally be projected to other countries with completely different wind and sun load factors and local costs but show a downward trend. In continental Europe wind and solar load factors are up to 50% lower and local costs considerably higher.
“Appropriate technologies and policies, including regulation and market design play a fundamental role in both development of variable renewables and their efficient integration in electricity systems. Policy solutions are complementary to effective and affordable technology solutions,” said Alessandro Clerici, chair of the Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Electricity Systems knowledge network.
“What works in any particular country depends both on its individual circumstances and the quality of execution of policies. A holistic and long-term approach to system design is key when planning Variable Renewable Energy Sources integration, including honest and transparent cost assessment to incentivise investment and ensure supply security and a robust energy sector regardless of a countrys resources or geographic location,” added Clerici.
The report highlights lessons learned, identifies critical success factors and extracts concrete measures for successful variable renewable energy sources integration in electricity systems.
Key recommendations to address the challenge of sustainable variable renewables integration include:
Policymakers must define market rules to ensure a more sustainable energy system in line with the objectives of the Trilemma, including clearly defined CO2 emissions regulations.
Introducing capacity markets can help ensure security of supply, as energy-only based markets are often insufficient to guarantee reliable supply in systems with a large share of variable renewables.
Weather forecasting methodologies need further development to achieve better accuracy and to rapidly manage the changing nature of wind and sun/variability.
In the light of the growing importance of Variable Renewable Energy Sources globally, industry and policymakers need to address emerging issues to ensure their continued growth.